On December 21,2023, the China EV100 and the Jinan Management Committee of the Transformation of New and old Growth drivers jointly held the "Clean and Smart Energy High-quality Development Conference" in Jinan. The conference to "clean energy to promote industry green low carbon transformation" as the theme, the Chinese Academy of Engineering, chairman of the association for science and technology, Shanghai jiaotong university chair professor, world federation of engineering organization executive committee, engineering and environmental committee chairman LingWen published titled "China's energy low carbon transformation progress and outlook" keynote speech. The following is a summary of the views.
1. Four major challenges in China's energy industry- -energy supply, ecological environment, CO2 emissions and energy system efficiency
In 2022, the global primary energy consumption will be 60.4 billion tons of standard coal, an increase of 2.9% over 2021, coal by 0.2%, and oil and gas by 0.6% and 0.4% respectively, forming a multi-wheel energy system driven by coal, oil, gas, electricity, nuclear and renewable energy. Solar and wind power is expected to account for about two-thirds of the world's electricity generation by 2050. At present, global energy is facing three major challenges: stable energy supply, energy ecological and environmental damage and global climate change. China not only relies highly on foreign energy, ecological environment and climate warming deserve attention, but also energy efficiency is more prominent. China's dependence on foreign oil is 72.8% and natural gas is 39.5%. The extensive development and utilization of fossil energy brings ecological damage and air pollution, and China's energy consumption per unit GDP is 1.4 times that of the world average, so the energy use efficiency needs to be improved.
2. The path of China's green energy transformation- - - -scale clean energy, large-scale clean energy, intelligent energy system
We will accelerate the clean use of coal and other traditional fossil energy sources and reduce pollutant emissions. About 80% of China's scale energy is fossil energy, complete energy coal green transformation to achieve four changes, driven by resources to innovation, from fuel to fuel, raw materials, from the extensive development to intensive green, interconnected intelligent way, from high emissions to nearly zero emissions use way, efforts to achieve net zero emissions, through scientific and technological innovation support coal become clean energy, low carbon energy and high-end materials.
We will accelerate the rapid scale of clean energy (wind, light, water, electricity, and nuclear energy). First, increase the efficiency, break through the key technologies of high efficiency photovoltaic battery, new generation nuclear power, hydrogen fuel cell and hydrogen energy storage and transportation, high efficiency offshore wind power, combustible ice mining, and continuously improve the efficiency of new energy system; second, reduce the cost, strengthen the demonstration and promotion of new technologies and equipment, continuously reduce the cost, gradually realize the parity of wind power, photovoltaic, and hydrogen energy and other technologies; third, promote the consumption, strengthen the construction of renewable energy output channel, implement the online guarantee mechanism of renewable energy, and reduce the abandonment of renewable energy.
To build an intelligent energy system with multi-energy coupling and efficient utilization. The intelligent construction of the energy system, on the one hand, is the flexibility of the thermal power unit system. At present, the deep peak regulation of the thermal power load has been reduced from 100% to 70%, and now reduced to 20%, which has made a great breakthrough. On the other hand, distributed energy technology creates an efficient and flexible distributed energy system, promotes electric energy substitution, and speeds up the application of "Internet +" on the client side. Through clean energy, renewable energy and other green energy for green source, power grid, water, transportation network, and many other green energy network, with green digital reflect green intelligence productivity, energy, intelligent manufacturing, etc., from green political, economic, social, environment, energy security to promote the development of green, continuous security carbon peak, carbon neutral.
3. Energy shows a trend of "diversified" supply development- -entering the era of natural gas around 2050, and is expected to enter the era of hydrogen energy and nuclear energy in the future
Hydrogen is the cleanest energy source, and hydrogen production from coal is the lowest cost large-scale hydrogen production method at present. Combined with CCS technology, hydrogen production from coal can realize nearly zero emission of CO2 in the whole process of energy production and utilization. Using wind and light to produce hydrogen can provide low cost and zero carbon emission hydrogen for modern coal chemical industry, and greatly reduce the CO2 emission of modern coal chemical industry. With the support of the Ministry of Science and Technology, the country's first megawatt coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power generation system was developed and demonstrated, with a power generation efficiency of 50% and CO2 high efficiency and low cost capture.