Chen Qingquan: "Four networks and four flows" help achieve carbon neutrality and promote the Fourth and Fifth Industrial Revolut

What are four nets and four networks? The four networks are the energy network, information network, transportation network and human network. The first three are the economic foundation, and the latter one is the superstructure, and the economic foundation and the superstructure have to interact. The fourth current is the energy flow, information flow, material flow and value flow, energy flow and material flow to interact.

The use of four nets, the original useless to waste things into useful, the disorder into order. Improve the utilization rate of the equipment and reduce the energy consumption of the system. Promoting carbon neutrality in energy production and consumption is the theoretical core of the four networks and four streams. Coordinate four basic contradictions through four networks and four streams: 1. contradiction between new energy and fossil energy; 2. contradiction between concentrated energy and distributed energy; 3. contradiction between primary energy and secondary energy; 4. contradiction between power energy and chemical energy. Through the integration of four networks and four streams, the energy revolution, automobile revolution and information revolution will be linked together to achieve greater economic and environmental protection effects.

The philosophical idea of four networks and four streams is that the whole is greater than the sum of individuals. Four networks science is the interaction between energy, information and human behavior. The project of four networks and four streams is the energy operating system, which adopts the structure of end, edge and cloud. We should find out the relationship between energy, information and human behavior, and ultimately reduce energy consumption (reduce energy intensity), emission intensity, and logistics costs, and achieve carbon neutrality. It can be said that promoting carbon neutrality is also boosting the fourth and fifth industrial revolutions.

What are the fourth and fifth industrial revolutions? The fourth Industrial Revolution is also based on digital and artificial intelligence. But they found that it was not enough, so they went to the fifth Industrial Revolution. The fifth Industrial Revolution is mainly characterized by solving problems should not only rely on technology, but also add culture and environment on the basis of artificial intelligence.

As we all know, the world is undergoing a profound energy revolution. The goal of the Paris Agreement is to control the global temperature rise at 2℃ and strive to achieve 1.5℃. To achieve this goal, the first step is to reduce carbon emissions, including the energy industry, and then the industrial industry, the transportation industry, and the construction industry.

The energy revolution has three principles, one is sustainability sustainability, one is affordability affordability, and one is reliability reliability. Technology alone is not enough to achieve these three goals, so the fifth Industrial Revolution proposed that besides technology and artificial intelligence, humanity and environment. The core solution is low-carbon, intelligent, terminal energy electrification and hydrogen energy.

The energy revolution includes the energy production revolution, the consumption revolution and the system revolution. To achieve the two-carbon target is more difficult and difficult than foreign countries, because China's energy structure is different from that of foreign countries. China's energy structure is dominated by coal. Foreign developed countries have high levels of economic development, and their carbon emissions have begun to decline. China's economy needs to develop, so China needs to climb emissions and go downhill after the climb. Therefore, it is much more difficult for China to achieve the carbon neutral goal than foreign developed countries, but it also shows our responsibility as a major country.

Under the guidance of the dual-carbon target, China is bound to increase the proportion of new energy power system. According to the forecast, 57% of the power plants by 2060 will be new energy sources, which is a big challenge. As we all know, with new energy as the main body of the power plant needs several times the traditional load of new energy capacity, it will cause new energy fluctuations, power balance and operation control difficulty, the uncertainty of new energy to power grid planning and design, production challenges, abundant market form will create business model, and the material chain, information chain and the value chain.

Recently, the central government proposed to build a new power system with new energy as the main body, which is a crucial definition. It requires the trinity of humanistic system, information system and physical system, which is also the core idea of four networks and four streams, breaking the limitation of purely technical means to solve problems.

The power system is a super-scale nonlinear time-varying energy balance system. The electric energy spreads at the speed of light, and the power generation, transmission and electricity consumption are completed instantly. It needs to keep balance at all times, otherwise the power grid will collapse. How can we simultaneously be clean, low-carbon, efficient, safe and economical? To solve the triangle contradiction of "security-economy-environment", we must use the theory of four networks and four streams.

Four nets and four streams have three carriers. The first is the electric vehicle, which is not only a vehicle, but also the carrier of energy, the carrier of energy storage, and the carrier of information. The second is the building. In the future, the building will use photovoltaic panels, which is distributed. Everyone has this thing in their home, from consumer to no consumption, from consumer to producer. The third and more important is the regional smart energy control center, control information network, micro grid, cold and hot power grid, etc. At present, most of the traffic still depends on fossil energy, and it will be a real new energy vehicles in the future.

The automobile revolution is electric, intelligent and networked. After networking, the nature of cars has changed. It is not a simple vehicle, but the node of mobile energy, energy storage energy, Internet of things, the source of big data, and the intelligent terminal of broadband mobile. Now all countries are rapidly launching electric vehicles, in fact, the power part of electric vehicles is electric, the problem is energy supply, there are two kinds of energy supply, one is on electric battery, the other is on fuel cell. Electric motor is the heart of new energy vehicles, and the charging network or hydrogenation network is the blood of new energy vehicles.

In summary, new energy vehicles should develop rapidly and healthily, one is driven by innovation; two is driven by two-wheel drive: policy driven and market driven; three is three good: good products, good infrastructure and good business model; four is four network integration, transportation network, energy network, information network and human network integration.

Among the four networks, hydrogen energy can play a unique role. Hydrogen energy, like electricity, is a secondary energy source, but hydrogen energy can do things that electricity cannot do. Because hydrogen energy has dual properties, both energy and material, both fuel and material. Specifically, hydrogen energy is in the four networks and four streams, which can very well integrate power energy and chemical energy, and can integrate energy flow and material flow.

Hydrogen energy has two characteristics, one is clean, the other is very high energy density, and it is easier to convert, especially for power energy and chemical energy conversion. In addition, hydrogen energy couples solar energy and wind energy, so as to achieve the coupling of energy storage and charging. Solar energy, wind energy and charging are all coupled, integrating light, wind, hydrogen, storage and charging.

Finally, the first industrial revolution promoted urbanization, the second industrial revolution promoted electrification, the third industrial Revolution promoted digitalization, and the fourth industrial revolution appeared intelligence. But the light is not intelligent enough, so the fourth industrial Revolution needs to evolve to the fifth. Need man-machine integration, "human" is humanity, "machine" represents the machine, information. Need the integration of human system, physical system and information system. The key to the integration of the four networks is the logic of dynamic causality and complexity in the integration guided through the humanistic network. Finally, it can reduce energy intensity, reduce emission intensity and reduce logistics cost.

In short, the energy revolution and the automobile revolution need to be based on the integration of the humanities, artificial intelligence and the environment. The integration of four networks and four streams is the evolution path from the fourth Industrial Revolution to the fifth industrial Revolution.